Further, AR activation in prostate cancer induces signalling via the calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase kinase 2- (CAMKK2-) AMPK signalling pathway which amongst other effects controls phospholipid metabolism so inhibition of signalling via the AR would be expected to induce early changes in phospholipid metabolism which can be probed noninvasively using 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Here, AR is linked to prostate carcinoma.