ITGA4 and carcinoma: Gerecke et al. showed that methylation markers in the promoters of ITGA4, TFPI2, and VIMENTIN seemed to be suitable risk markers for inflammation-associated colon cancer [25], and Chang et al. demonstrated ITGA4, SFRP2, and p16 promoter methylation in stool samples from patients with colorectal adenomas and carcinoma [30].