CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Over the last decade, immunological therapies have been investigated for the treatment of many types of carcinomas with FDA approvals of anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) for melanoma, and anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab) for the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma [1–9].