Another consequence is that mitochondrial mtTFA might not be capable of forming a proper protein complex to initial mtDNA replication, for which mtTFA–H2AX interaction itself is also necessary.36 The mtDNA immunoprecipitation data demonstrated that mtTFA binding to the D-loop region is greatly reduced by ASPH overexpression in HCC cells. Here, TFAM is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.