VWF and atrial fibrillation: It has been shown that AF is associated with increased levels of prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex, elevated plasma fibrinogen levels alongside with endothelial markers of soluble thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor (VWF) [2, 13–16].