DHRS4 and infection: To further evaluate the effect of UM on other virulence factors that play important roles at different infection stages, we measured the mRNA levels of the following: the quorum sensing system and the type II secretion system PhcA; the quorum sensing regulators PhcB, PhcR, PhcS, PehS, and PehC; the EPS secretion-related genes XpsR and EpsE; and the swimming regulator gene VsrC. As shown in Figure 5, the nine tested virulence factor genes showed no significant differences between UM and DMSO treatments (P < 0.05).