Increasing the intestinal counts of A. muciniphila in these subjects through the administration of polyphenols or prebiotics results in the improvement of barrier function, endotoxemia and insulin sensitivity (Anhê et al., 2015), the increased expression of intestinal Fiaf (a circulating inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase) and RegIII (a bactericidal C-type lectin targeting Gram-positive bacteria) (Anhê et al., 2015), and higher intestinal content of bioactive lipids participating in the endocannabinoid system. The gene discussed is ANGPTL4; the disease is serum lipopolysaccharide activity.