TSH receptor (TSHR), thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) are the immune targets of autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease, but while Tg and TPO autoantibodies are detected also in healthy subjects, anti-TRAbs can be found only in sera of most patients with Graves’ disease and in 10–15% of patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (30). This evidence concerns the gene TPO and Hashimoto thyroiditis.