Recently, Zeeh et al. reported that depleting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-PDAC cells of PAR-2 by RNA interference strongly decreased TGF-β1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and Smad dependent transcriptional activity in vitro24. The gene discussed is F2RL1; the disease is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.