Upon hantavirus infection, the pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by the extracellular or intracellular receptors of endothelial host cells, leading to the local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, by activated macrophages [10,25,26]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is hantavirus infectious disease.