TNF and psoriasis: We previously shown that a combination of IL-1α, IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatine-M (OSM) and TNF-α target normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) in monolayer culture or in differentiated reconstituted human epidermis to generate a specific transcriptional profile and histological characteristics reproducing features of psoriasis [19, 20].