PCK1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In order to predict the hepatic gluconeogenic activity, the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) gene, which codifies the key gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was measured (Figure 3B); the Pck1 mRNA increased by 123% in T2DM (p < 0.05 vs. ND), and resveratrol reversed this effect (p < 0.05 vs. T2DM).