AKT1 and melanoma: Villanueva et al. [43] showed that IGF1R was overexpressed in resistant melanoma cells and combined inhibition of IGF1R- and MEK-induced dramatic apoptosis, which suggested that ERK-independent resistance was mediated by IGF1R signalling in BRAFi-resistant cells, as a result of the activation of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway.