HESX1 and pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: Among these mutated genes, transcriptional factor HESX1‐mediated repression of Wnt/β‐catenin targets is required for the normal development of anterior forebrain 24; Wnt/β‐catenin signalling promotes midbrain dopaminergic progenitor specification, proliferation and neurogenesis by up‐regulating OTX2 in progenitors 25; Notch signalling has been linked to PROP1 expression 26; GPR161 and CDON, the latest mutations found in patients with PSIS by WES recently, are regulators of Shh pathway 27, 28.