Among these mutated genes, transcriptional factor HESX1‐mediated repression of Wnt/β‐catenin targets is required for the normal development of anterior forebrain 24; Wnt/β‐catenin signalling promotes midbrain dopaminergic progenitor specification, proliferation and neurogenesis by up‐regulating OTX2 in progenitors 25; Notch signalling has been linked to PROP1 expression 26; GPR161 and CDON, the latest mutations found in patients with PSIS by WES recently, are regulators of Shh pathway 27, 28. This evidence concerns the gene CDON and pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.