PYY and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Fermentable carbohydrates and SCFAs have been demonstrated to protect against diet-induced obesity and inhibit food intake via increase in the circulating concentrations of the anorectic gut hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY)28, 29 which has also been observed with polydextrose in human studies with respect to GLP-130, 31.