In contrast to ABA enhancement of insulin secretion in mammalian cells, ABA significantly repressed expression of ilp3 mRNA at 8 h post-infection (t = 2.953, df = 6, P = 0.026) and ilp4 mRNA at 4 (t = 3.472, df = 5, P = 0.018), 6 (t = 13.42, df = 5, P < 0.0001), and 8 (t = 3.079, df = 6, P = 0.022) hours post-infection in the mosquito midgut relative to controls (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene INS and infection.