LPA and aortic valve calcification: Recently, genome wide association studies have identified more frequent genetic variations such as the SNP rs104555872 at the LPA gene in patients with aortic valve calcification and stenosis and importantly, presence of such genetic variations in the LPA gene led to increased levels of both Lp(a) [27] and clinical aortic stenosis, confirming the causal role of Lp(a) [6].