CYP19A1 and ischemia: The manifestation of aromatase is thought to rise not only during traumatic injury to the brain [23,24], but also with ischemia [25] and inflammation [26], and the pathology of the vitreoretinal diseases examined in this study (retinal disorders caused by MH, RD, retinal inflammation caused by DR and ERM, ischemia caused by DR, etc.)suggest the possibility that E2 is produced by an increased presence of aromatase through reactive astrocytes.