ATG3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: TNFSF10, or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), elicits tumor-specific cell death through its receptors.40 In particular, the cleavage of Atg3 protein by caspase8 was reported to regulate autophagy during receptor-activated cell death.41 The results of this study also revealed the accumulation of ATG3 in CD147-ICD-transfected HCC cells (Figure 5f).