OVOL1 and Alzheimer disease: To identify the mechanism by which the OVOL1 nuclear translocation is inhibited in AD skin, we analyzed OVOL1 expression in NHEKs treated with IL-4, a powerful suppressor of FLG expression; treatment with IL-4 can serve as an in vitro AD model.7, 21 Our previous study has shown that steady-state OVOL1 expression is primarily present in the cytoplasm of NHEKs.18 Ketoconazole, a potent AHR ligand, induces nuclear translocation of OVOL1 in NHEKs.18 Therefore, we used immunofluorescence analysis to test whether IL-4 affects the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of OVOL1 in NHEKs.