We analyzed the second-order kernel component, which appears to be a sensitive indicator of inner retinal dysfunction and is impaired in glaucoma patients.24, 25 The response topography demonstrating the second-order kernel component revealed that the average visual responses were impaired in all visual fields in EAAC1 KO mice, but edaravone treatment ameliorated the deterioration in visual function (Figure 4). The gene discussed is SLC1A1; the disease is glaucoma.