The odds of mortality on receipt of ART were strongly associated with male gender (16% versus 9%, p = 0.015), being divorced (OR = 2.7, p < 0.001), WHO clinical stages 3 and 4 (OR = 2.3, p = 0.05), baseline CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/μl (OR = 3.4, p < 0.001), and severe anemia on diagnosis of HIV (OR = 6.6, p < 0.001). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia (phenotype).