The immunogenetics of elite control of HIV-1 infection in five patients revealed that HLA-B*5701, HLA-Cw*0602, HLA-DQ9, and multiple SNP present in or near MHC genes on chromosome 6 are strongly associated with elite control and that these alleles of the various MHC genes are present on an MHC ancestral haplotype. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-C and HIV-1 infection.