LCT and malaria: The selection advantages are inferred to be 0.01–0.08 for LCT, a gene strongly associated with lactase persistence in populations with European ancestry [113, 114], 0.019–0.048 for G6PD, a gene conferring malaria resistance in African populations [115], 0.03–0.19 for EDAR associated with the increased scalp hair thickness and changed tooth morphology in the Han Chinese [116], and 0.0004–0.0023 for EGLN1 and EPAS1 gene regions contributing to the high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans [117].