Notably, CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), the main DC population in the colonic LP, including the main two population of DCs, CD103+CD11b+CD11c+and CD103+CD11b− CD11c+, were significantly increased by F991 treatment in the DSS-induced colitis mice on the 6th day (P = 0.0071, P = 0.0069 and P = 0.02, respectively) (Fig. 2I). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and colitis.