These findings are not surprising given that 1) an increased synthesis of VDBP can be stimulated by the presence of IL-6, in vitro [31], of which elevated levels in the AF and CVF have been reported to be the strongest predictor of SPTD [6, 8, 27] and that 2) the VDBP is a protein in which specific binding sites are expressed on the surface of inflammatory cells and the fibroblast plays an important role in the extracellular remodeling of the cervix [32, 33]. Here, IL6 is linked to atrial fibrillation.