We previously reported that elevated urinary concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a marker of inflammation that predicts renal function decline and progression to ESRD in persons with diabetes [5], was associated with interstitial changes over 5 years in the kidneys of predominantly white women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and no clinical evidence of DN [6]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.