ACE and chronic kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a worldwide prevalence estimated at 8% to 16% worldwide, is an increasingly critical public health problem with a heavy social economic burden.[1,2] Current integrated intervention strategies to prevent and treat CKD include the following: primary disease control, lifestyle changes (dietary measures, smoking cessation, exercise), use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), improving kidney anemia, supplementation with bicarbonate to correct metabolic acidosis.