In 12 of those 23 patients, anti-NMDAR encephalitis was identified before or after the independent episodes of demyelinating disorders evidenced by detections of antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) using CBA and immunohistochemistry, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and brainstem or multifocal demyelinating syndromes. The gene discussed is AQP4; the disease is viral encephalitis.