Although CACNA1C SNPs have not been consistently associated with anxiety in humans, altered anxiety-related behavior is considered a core endophenotype of MDD and BPD in animal models.52, 53, 55 Different to our observations, a recent study showed that chronic unpredictable stress induces similar behavioral deficits in heterozygous Cav1.2 mice and their wild-type littermates when assessed 1–2 days post stress. This evidence concerns the gene CACNA1C and major depressive disorder.