Gal-3 overexpression is not restricted to bladder cancer or TSC since it is highly expressed in other cancers and various fibrotic tissues (Li et al., 2014; Liu and Rabinovich, 2005) and Gal-3 serum levels provides prognostic information for heart failure (Yancy et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and urinary bladder cancer.