Most germane to the ‘attentional’ focus of this review, is the observation that NF1-deficient mice exhibit a deficit in non-selective and selective attentional function in the absence of hyperactivity [87], a phenotype that is associated with reduced striatal dopamine levels; both the behavioural and neurochemical phenotypes could be ameliorated by the administration of methylphenidate, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor used therapeutically in ADHD cases. Here, NF1 is linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.