We first made paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the human prostate transitional zonal tissues and peripheral zonal tissues from BPH patients, and using IHC analysis with anti-CD68 and anti-AR antibodies, we found significantly increased numbers of infiltrating macrophages and density of AR staining in the stroma of the transitional zone (n=10), compared with the peripheral zone (n=10) (Figure 1(Fig. 1)). The gene discussed is AR; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.