In our previous study, we used a BPH mouse model to elucidate a potential mechanism whereby macrophage infiltration promotes stromal cell proliferation in the prostate via the androgen receptor (AR)/inflammatory cytokine CCL3-dependent pathway, and this could be one potential mechanism for stromal expansion in the genesis and development of BPH (Wang et al., 2012[12]). This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.