ILF3 and viral infectious disease: Moreover, ILF2, ILF3 or the ILF2/ILF3 heterodimer has also been involved in various virus life cycle including hepatitis C virus (HCV) [49], infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) [50], poliovirus [51], influenza virus [52, 53], dengue virus [54], human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [55], human T-cell leukemia virus [56], as well as in the host defense mechanism protecting from viral infections [57].