A recent study using global and cell-specific ARKO mouse models with a PCOS mouse model, has shown hyperandrogenism acting directly via the AR, and has provided evidence indicating that the development of PCOS traits does not require AR signaling in granulosa cells, but rather that anovulation, impaired antral follicle, and metabolic disturbance are dependent on a functional neural AR signaling network [28]. This evidence concerns the gene AR and polycystic ovary syndrome.