KRAS and pancreatic neoplasm: KRAS has been shown to promote glycolysis by increasing expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1).8 In addition, KRAS mutant pancreatic tumours use glutamine metabolism and lower intracellular reactive oxygen species for optimal tumour growth.9 Other studies have demonstrated that autophagy and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation is required for KRAS-induced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.10, 11