ERK1/2 is the major kinase that plays a key role in numerous signaling pathways, and is often activated in cancer cells.25 Sustained activation of ERK1/2 contributed to apoptosis, and acute activation of ERK1/2 caused tumor initiation and progression.26 The ERK1/2 activation contributed to intracellular protein–protein interactions and the regulation of multiple cellular processes. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is cancer.