The percentage of CD27−IgD− DNB, a phenotype previously associated with MS and other autoimmune conditions,29, 30, 31, 32 also trended higher in the CIS group (mean (s.d.)4.48% (1.81) of CD19+ B cells, compared with 3.50% (1.51) in the HC group, P=0.086). The gene discussed is CD19; the disease is in situ carcinoma.