TNF and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: In regard to FSHD specifically, Turki et al. [54] reported that patients with FSHD presented with significantly increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (P < 0.001), IFN-α2 (interferon alpha-2; P < 0.001), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; P < 0.001), MCP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1; P < 0.01), and IL-6 (P < 0.01), along with a significant positive correlation between TNF-α and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels (P = 0.02).