A recent study showed that prolonged inhibition of CSF1R in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a model of AD-like pathology, blocks microglial proliferation and leads to the prevention of synaptic degeneration and to an improvement of performance in memory and exploratory tasks (Olmos-Alonso et al., 2016). Here, CSF1R is linked to Alzheimer disease.