Notably, recent studies indicated that enhanced glycolytic capacity in individual myofiber strongly correlates with whole body insulin sensitivity (Nader and Esser, 2001; Oberbach et al., 2006; Izumiya et al., 2008), suggesting that activation of the glycolytic myofiber program may represent a compensatory mechanism in response to increasing glucose level in type 2 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.