TGFB1 and cancer: Given critical role of TGF-β in regulating tumorigenicity by promoting anti-cancer drug resistance, metastatic potential and immune suppression [21–24], we next examine whether TGF-β blockade by TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542) modulated the anticancer drug sensitivity and invasive phenotypes of tumor cells stimulated with TAM supernatants.