Importantly, Lmx1a/b is required to control autophagic-lysosomal function, integrity of nerve terminals, long-term survival of midbrain DN215 and recently has been implicated in regulation of mitochondrial function.216Lmx1a/b conditional ablation, after neuronal specification, results in abnormalities that show striking resemblance to early cellular abnormalities seen in PD. Here, LMX1A is linked to Parkinson disease.