Immunohistochemical staining with anti-cFos and anti-cJun further confirmed above observation and showed enhanced positive staining of cFos and cJun in vehicle or UV derived tumors as compared to those in curcumin pretreated tumors which showed apoptotic cell death within the tumor milieu with low expression of c-Fos and c-Jun (Fig. 6F). This evidence concerns the gene JUN and neoplasm.