RAN and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The HSPB8 pro-degradative activity was demonstrated with several different neuropathogenic proteins, like polyQ proteins (ARpolyQ, huntingtin-polyQ, ataxin-3-polyQ), beta-amyloid, alpha-synuclein, ALS proteins mutant SOD1 and TDP-43 fragments (Chávez Zobel et al., 2003; Wilhelmus et al., 2006; Carra et al., 2008a,b; Crippa et al., 2010b, 2016; Bruinsma et al., 2011; Seidel et al., 2012; Rusmini et al., 2013), and on five different RAN translated DPRs from the C9Orf72 gene linked to ALS and FTD (Cristofani et al., 2017b).