GIP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In conclusion, the results of the present work indicate that modifications in the diet can reduce several abnormalities in biochemical parameters produced by obesity, interestingly the addition of nopal can ameliorate specific biochemical paremeters of obesity such as total cholesterol, GIP, APP, leptin and Aβ1–40 peptides modifying the gut microbiota despite the consumption of a HFS diet, generating metabolic benefits similar to those observed when obese rats are switched to consume a C diet.