DES and cardiomyopathy: Mutations in non-desmosomal genes, including transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFB3), ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2), transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), lamin A/C (LMNA), desmin (DES), titin (TTN), phospholamban (PLN) and αT-catenin (CTNNA3), are also proposed to associate with ACM (Lazzarini et al., 2015), although phenotypical overlap with other cardiomyopathies cannot be excluded.