Since Kca3.1 helps to determine intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and this is important for Ras/ERK and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways [14,38], we examined whether the ERK/p38 MAPK pathway may mediate the observed ability of TRAM-34 to alleviate PAH in rats. The gene discussed is MAPK1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.