Results showed that tumor size (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.12–1.65, P = 0.002), albumin levels (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.65–0.91, P = 0.002), PT (HR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.54–3.10, P = 0.0001), and AFP levels (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.26, P = 0.049) were independently associated with mortality after RFA for HCC. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.