AFP and neoplasm: For decades, the detection of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) (gi|178236) has been the most commonly used tumor marker for HCC4; in addition, high expression levels of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP)5 (gi|23238214), Golgi protein 73 (GP73)6 (gi|7271867) and cytokeratin 7 (CK7)7 (gi|67782365) have also been used as tumor markers of HCC.